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Sohraneniya dlya 3d instruktor 227 domashnyaya versiya. Legal framework governing the activities of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) The article discusses the process of constructing a system of collective security in the post-Soviet area, which started with signing of the Collective Security Treaty (CST) on May 15, 1992. The article analyzes the main provisions of the CST and reveals the basic provisions of other international legal instruments related to it and adopted in the period from 1992 to 2002.
Nekotorye pravovye aspekty sovmestnoj podgotovki voennyh kadrov dlja nuzhd nacional'nyh armij v formate organizacii dogovora o kollektivnoj bezopasnosti // Pravo i politika.
Subsequently, the article considers the legal nature and the institutions of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), as well as the decision-making process in the CSTO. Also, the article examines the main aspects of the relationship between CST/CSTO and NATO. Moreover, the article sets out the basic rules and principles of international legal instruments adopted in the framework of the CSTO and concludes that the CSTO is a multifunctional regional collective security organization acting on the principles of equality and mutual respect that has a stabilizing effect on the situation in Eurasia. At the same time the article argues that the future of the CSTO will undoubtedly depend on the further development of its Member States, on their ability to create competitive economies, to successfully implement their economic integration plans, build an economic union and on its basis to continually improve its military and political cooperation.
Environmental issues in WTO law and practice This article is focused on the main challenges encountered during the process of searching for a balance between the interests of trade and environmental protection aimed at ensuring sustainable development. Some articles of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and other WTO agreements can be used to justify the introduction of environmental measures affecting the freedom of trade, although the concept of “environment” is not directly applied. The author considers two main aspects of interrelation between free trade and multilateral agreements on the protection of the environment. Potential contradiction could manifest itself in the use of different trade restrictions in compliance with multilateral environmental agreements and corresponding necessity for the GATT/WTO system to adapt to the provisions of these agreements.
If GATT specifies the general exceptions under certain conditions to protect the environment only in Art. XX, the use of trade measures in accordance with the provisions of international environmental agreements is more diverse.
The question of what would be the applicable law in international disputes related to trade and the environment remains under discussion. The article focuses on the institutional development of the WTO, as in 1995 Committee on Trade and Environment was established as the body responsible for defining the relationship between trade measures and measures to protect the environment. Finally, the article notes there are a lot of disputes within the framework of WTO that trigger discussion on environmental protection. However, the consequences of the issues discussed in the process of dispute settlement are much broader than the resolution of a particular case. This fact requires special attention. International legal regulation of mutual investments in NAFTA The article examines the legal regime of mutual investments in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The Agreement on the establishment of NAFTA states the basic principles for the protection of investments in the free trade area: non-discriminatory treatment; removal of specific requirements for investments or investors, the free movement of funds relating to investments; expropriation only in accordance with international law; the right to appeal to the international court in the event of a breach of the Agreement.