Klyuch Aktivacii Scandoc

Ball-and-stick model of In, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from ) are the. In other words, a cycloalkane consists only of and atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring (possibly with ), and all of the carbon-carbon bonds are.

Dlya aktivacii windows xp, pro 7.33 klyuch, skachat' aram. Scandic Riihimﾃδ､ki pics,.

Cycloalkanes are named analogously to their normal counterparts of the same carbon count:,,,, etc. The larger cycloalkanes, with more than 20 carbon atoms are typically called cycloparaffins. The cycloalkanes without side chains are classified as small (cyclopropane and cyclobutane), common (cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and ), medium ( through ), and large (all the rest). Each is an of its counterpart—for example, cyclopropane has the same chemical formula (C 3H 6) as. Besides this standard definition by (IUPAC), in some authors' usage the term cycloalkane includes also those saturated hydrocarbons that are polycyclic. In any case, the general form of the for cycloalkanes is C nH 2( n+1− r), where n is the number of carbon atoms and r is the number of rings. The simpler form, when working without focusing on rings is C nH 2( n).

(also called bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) The naming of polycyclic alkanes such as alkanes and alkanes is more complex, with the base name indicating the number of carbons in the ring system, a prefix indicating the number of rings (e.g., 'bicyclo-'), and a numeric prefix before that indicating the number of carbons in each part of each ring, exclusive of junctions. For instance, a bicyclooctane that consists of a six-membered ring and a four-membered ring, which share two adjacent carbon atoms that form a shared edge, is [4.2.0]-bicyclooctane. That part of the six-membered ring, exclusive of the shared edge has 4 carbons. That part of the four-membered ring, exclusive of the shared edge, has 2 carbons. The edge itself, exclusive of the two vertices that define it, has 0 carbons.

There is more than one convention (method or nomenclature) for the naming of compounds, which can be confusing for those who are just learning, and inconvenient for those who are well rehearsed in the older ways. For beginners it is best to learn IUPAC nomenclature from a source that is up to date, because this system is constantly being revised. In the above example [4.2.0]-bicyclooctane would be written bicyclo[4.2.0]octane to fit the conventions for IUPAC naming. It then has room for an additional numerical prefix if there is the need to include details of other attachments to the molecule such as chlorine or a methyl group. Another convention for the naming of compounds is the common name, which is a shorter name and it gives less information about the compound. An example of a common name is, the name of which can tell us only that it is an alcohol (because the suffix '-ol' is in the name) and it should then have a (–OH) group attached to it. An example of the IUPAC method is given in the adjacent image.

In this example the base name is listed first, which indicates the total number of carbons in both rings including the carbons making up the shared edge (e.g., 'heptane', which means 'hepta-' or 7 carbons, and '-ane', which indicates only single bonding between carbons). Then in front of the base name is the numerical prefix, which lists the number of carbons in each ring, excluding the carbons that are shared by each ring, plus the number of carbons on the bridge between the rings. In this case there are two rings with two carbons each and a single bridge with one carbon, excluding the carbons shared by it and the other two rings. There is a total of three numbers and they are listed in descending order separated by dots, thus: [2.2.1].

Before the numerical prefix is another prefix indicating the number of rings (e.g., 'bicyclo-'). Thus, the name is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane. The group of cycloalkanes are also known as naphthenes. Properties [ ] Table of cycloalkanes [ ] Alkane Formula Boiling point [°C] Melting point [°C] Density [gcm −3] (at 20 °C) C 3H 6 −33 −128 1.879 (vapor phase, g/L, 1 atm, 0 °C) C 4H 8 12.5 −91 0.720 C 5H 10 49.2 −93.9 0.751 C 6H 12 80.7 6.5 0.778 C 7H 14 118.4 −12 0.811 C 8H 16 149 14.6 0.834 C 9H 18 69 10-11 0.8534 C 10H 20 201 9-10 0.871 Cycloalkanes are similar to alkanes in their general physical properties, but they have higher,, and than alkanes. This is due to stronger because the ring shape allows for a larger area of contact.

Containing only C–C and C–H bonds, unreactivity of cycloalkanes with little or no ring strain (see below) are comparable to non-cyclic alkanes. Conformations and ring strain [ ] In cycloalkanes, the carbon atoms are sp 3, which would imply an ideal of 109° 28′ whenever possible. Owing to evident geometrical reasons, rings with 3, 4, and (to a very tiny extent) also 5 atoms can only afford narrower angles; the consequent deviation from the ideal tetrahedral bond angles causes an increase in potential energy and an overall destabilizing effect. Eclipsing of hydrogen atoms is an important destabilizing effect, as well. The strain energy of a cycloalkane is the theoretical increase in energy caused by the compound's geometry, and is calculated by comparing the experimental of the cycloalkane with the value calculated using. Conformations of cycloalkanes, their different strain contributions also with respect to reaction rates, and methods for their characterization are discussed briefly in the wikipedia section.

> POS Receipt Printer > CODESOFT TP-3160S. POS Receipt Printer Products Code Soft Barcode Scanner. TP-31XX Printer Driver. Download (3.26k). Hp receipt printer driver. Free Windows Printer Driver Downloads for Thermal Label Printers, Card Printers, and Other Specialty Printers. Today, our drivers are so trusted that many printer manufacturers provide them in the box with their printers. And when used with our BarTender software for label, barcode, RFID and card printing, our drivers can take advantage of special high-speed printing functions that standard Windows programs can’t use. CODESOFT Driver Service Packs (DSP) TEKLYNX recommends using the latest software version to achieve the best results with our printer drivers. You must be an Administrator on the local PC to install new TEKLYNX drivers from this site. This service is limited to the printer families supported.